READING THE NUMBERS · TECHNICAL GUIDE

Mathematical definitions, gauge weights, regime rules, and model evaluation metrics.

1 · Bubble Temperature (The Headline Gauge)

A single composite score mapped from 0 (freezing pessimism) to 100 (peak euphoria). It computes a weighted average of six rolling z-scores — measuring how unusual today's reading is versus the last ~250 trading sessions:

GaugeWeightFeature SourceMeasurement Objective
z_mom_stretch 20% ai_mom_60d (+z) 60-session compounded return of the 22-name AI basket versus its 1-year distribution.
z_credit_tightness 20% hy_oas (−z) US high-yield option-adjusted spread versus history. Abnormally tight spreads = minimal risk compensation = late-cycle complacency.
z_dd_proximity 20% ai_drawdown_250d (+z) Closeness to the 250-trading-day peak. Sitting at all-time highs (0% drawdown) represents maximum extension and minimum technical buffer.
z_rs_eqw 15% rs_ai_rsp_60d (+z) AI complex relative strength versus the equal-weight S&P 500 (RSP) — money crowding into one theme.
z_concentration 15% rs_spy_rsp_60d (+z) Cap-weighted (SPY) versus equal-weight (RSP) 60-day spread — mega-cap concentration building.
z_btc_risk 10% btc_mom_30d (+z) Bitcoin 30-day return as a macro risk-appetite and speculative liquidity proxy.

Each individual z-score is clipped to [−2.0, +2.0] so no single component can force the thermometer. The weighted average z-score is mapped linearly to [0, 100]:

T = clip(50.0 + 25.0 × (Σ wᵢ · zᵢ) / (Σ wᵢ present), 0, 100)

When data sources are missing or calibrating (e.g. credit holidays), weights renormalize automatically and temp_confidence displays the active gauge coverage percentage.

BandRangeInterpretation
frost< 25Extreme pessimism; valuation compression; historically where high-margin long entries emerge.
cool25 – 45Skepticism and caution priced in; orderly pullbacks.
warm45 – 60Normal, balanced market tape.
hot60 – 75Elevated froth; theme crowding; heightened sensitivity to earnings misses.
euphoric≥ 75Parabolic melt-up territory; credit and price complacency at historical extremes.
Key Rule: Hot ≠ immediate crash. Bubbles can stay hot for quarters as passive inflows perpetuate momentum. The temperature indicates where the trade sits on the historical arc, not the exact turning day.

2 · Cycle Regime Classification

RegimeRule LogicEconomic Meaning
expansion 60d trend > 0, no froth extremes Healthy uptrend intact across the complex.
euphoria Temperature ≥ 70 with intact 60d trend Late-stage acceleration with high fragility.
distribution 20d momentum < 0 while above deep-drawdown zone (> −25%) Short-term momentum rolling over while retail is still active; earliest actionable warning.
contraction AI complex drawdown < −25% Formal market breakdown underway.
capitulation_recovery Drawdown < −30% with 20d momentum turning positive Durable bottoming setup following panic selling.

3 · Direction Forecasting & Brier Scoring

P(AI complex up next 5d) is estimated by an L2-regularized logistic regression trained on chronological splits (80% train / 20% test) on standard momentum, relative strength, credit change, and volatility features.

4 · Fundamentals Anchor Rules

The physical cash-flow floor is tracked via combined quarterly CapEx of Alphabet, Amazon, Meta, and Microsoft alongside Nvidia YoY revenue growth:

Quantitative & Mathematical Notice: Formulas, z-scores, and probability estimates are heuristic mathematical abstractions. They do not constitute financial advice, trading signals, or an infallible forecast. See our comprehensive Algorithmic & Model Disclaimers.